householder transformation
1. example
\((2\braket{0\mid 0} - I)\) inverts \(\ket{x}\) about \(\ket{0}\). Why? \((-I)\) flips everything in \(\ket{x}\). \(2\braket{0\mid 0}\) adds back in the \(\ket{0}\) component and then returns it to the original sign.